Nurse-Led Approaches to Lowering Alcohol Use among Adolescents: Study Findings.

This study delves into how motivational sessions and brief interventions impact students' alcohol consumption, highlighting the vital role of nurses in fostering positive behavioural changes. The study aims to discern the effects of these interventions, starting with a pre-and post-intervention setup involving 62 students from a private school in northern Portugal. The intervention comprised a session delivered by school and mental health nurses, utilizing the motivational intervention and FRAMES method and a poster offering feedback on alcohol consumption scores. The results indicated that females tended to drink for fewer days and engage in less binge drinking than males. Furthermore, the intervention hinted at a reduction in the number of heavy drinking days. This study underscores the importance of including healthcare professionals, particularly nurses, in delivering brief interventions within school settings. The findings carry weight for crafting evidence-based interventions to cultivate healthier adolescent behaviours and enhance overall well-being.

Componente curricular de Urgência e Emergência nas graduações brasileiras em Enfermagem / Curricular component of Urgency and Emergency in Brazilian Nursing undergraduate courses

Objetivo: Caracterizar a oferta da disciplina de Urgência e Emergência nas matrizes curriculares dos cursos superiores de Enfermagem no Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo descritivo, documental, realizado no website do Ministério da Educação e em 691 matrizes curriculares de cursos de bacharelado em Enfermagem no Brasil. Resultados: Das matrizes curriculares, 97,2% pertenciam a cursos de ensino presencial; 83,6%, de instituições privadas, majoritariamente localizada na região sudeste (36,8%). Com relação à disciplina de Urgência e Emergência, esta apareceu em 97,2% das instituições como componente curricular obrigatório, em sua maioria, ofertada no sétimo período (31,2%) do curso, com carga horária média de 103,3 horas. Conclusão: As disciplinas de Urgência e Emergência nos cursos de graduação em Enfermagem foram, predominantemente, oriundas de instituições privadas, de componente obrigatório, ofertadas no sétimo semestre do curso. Descritores: Urgência. Emergência. Educação em Enfermagem. Bacharelado em Enfermagem. Medicina de Emergência.

Objective: To characterize the offer of the Urgency and Emergency discipline in the curricular matrices of Brazilian Nursing undergraduate courses. Methods: This is a descriptive, documentary study carried out on the Ministry of Education's website and in 691 curriculum matrices of bachelor's degree courses in Nursing in Brazil. Results: Of the curriculum matrices, 97.2% belonged to in-person teaching courses; 83.6% from private institutions, mostly located in the Southeast region (36.8%). Regarding the Urgency and Emergency discipline, it appeared in 97.2% ofthe institutions as a mandatory curricular component, mostly offered in the seventh period (31.2%) of the course, with an average workload of 103.3 hours. Conclusion: Urgency and Emergency disciplines in undergraduate Nursing courses were predominantly from private institutions, with a mandatory component, offered in the seventh semester of the course. Descriptors:Urgency. Emergency. Education in Nursing. Bachelor of Nursing. Emergency Medicine.

Therapeutic Effects of the Pilates Method in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review.

The Pilates Method is a rehabilitation tool with verified benefits in pain management, physical function, and quality of life in many different physiotherapy areas. It could be beneficial for patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). The aim of the study was to summarize current evidence for the effectiveness of Pilates in pwMS. A comprehensive search of Cinahl, Scopus, Web of Science, PEDro, and PubMed (including PubMed Central and Medline) was conducted to examine randomized controlled trials (RCT) that included Pilates intervention in multiple sclerosis. The PEDro scale and the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool, RoB-2, were used to evaluate risk of bias for RCT. Twenty RCT (999 patients) were included. Ten were of good quality (PEDro), and seven had low risk of bias (RoB-2). Pilates improves balance, gait, physical-functional conditions (muscular strength, core stability, aerobic capacity, and body composition), and cognitive functions. Fatigue, quality of life, and psychological function did not show clear improvement. There was good adherence to Pilates intervention (average adherence ≥ 80%). Cumulative data suggest that Pilates can be a rehabilitation tool for pwMS. High adherence and few adverse effects were reported. Future research is needed to develop clinical protocols that could maximize therapeutic effects of Pilates for pwMS.

Normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism: 99mTc SestaMibi SPECT/CT results compare with hypercalcemic hyperparathyroidism.

CONTEXT: Normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism (nPHPT) is defined by an inappropriately increased serum PTH with normal serum calcium. Information about the diagnostic yield of parathyroid SPECT/CT scan and ultrasonography in nHPPT is limited and not conclusive. PURPOSE: To evaluate the positivity rate of 99m Tc-Sestamibi SPECT/CT scan in nPHTP compared with classical hypercalcemic PHPT (cPHPT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied 125 patients with 99m Tc-Sestamibi SPECT/CT scans. Subjects were divided into 2 groups: cPHPT (n = 93) and nPHPT (n = 32). RESULTS: The detection rate of 99m Tc-Sestamibi SPECT/CT in cPHPT was 86,02% (80/93) and 59.37%, in nPHPT (19/32), p = .003. No significant differences were seen between the SPECT/CT scan and ultrasonography (p = .28) and the agreement was higher in cPHPT than in nPHPT, p = .03. Sensitivity of 99m Tc-Sestamibi-SPECT/CT was 98% on a per-patient basis (PPV 96%) and 91% on a per-lesion basis (PPV 88%). Glandular size was smaller in nPHPT (mean value 6.8 mm) and it was related only with PTH value. CONCLUSION: Localization rate of parathyroid hyperfunctioning tissue with 99m Tc-Sestamibi SPECT/CT is lower in nPHPT and it is related to a smaller glandular size. However, our study suggests that the positivity rate and sensitivity are nonnegligible by adding SPECT/CT. The reduction in the detection rate in nPHPT could benefit techniques with higher resolution such as 18 F-Choline PET/CT when the clinical context justifies it.

Impacts of the Goldmining and Chronic Methylmercury Exposure on the Good-Living and Mental Health of Munduruku Native Communities in the Amazon Basin.

This paper is an exploratory study that examines the illegal goldmining impacts on Munduruku communities' "Good-Living" (Xipan Jewewekukap) and explores the possible relationship between chronic methylmercury (MeHg) exposure and the worsening mental health conditions in three villages in the Middle-Tapajós River, Brazilian Amazon. The region has been experiencing a long-lasting threat of goldminers' invasions. A total of 109 people were interviewed and evaluated. Total mercury (THg) exposure levels were evaluated through hair samples analysis, from which MeHg exposure levels were calculated. The Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form (GDS-SF) was used as a screening tool in order to assess mental health indicators. Brief non-structured interviews were carried out to investigate how goldmining is impacting the communities Good-Living. A Poisson regression model was used to estimate the possible association between mental health indicators (assessed through the GDS-SF) and the following independent variables: (i) mercury exposure level (<10.0 µg/g vs. ≥10.0 µg/g), (ii) self-reported nervousness, (iii) self-reported irritability, (iv) age group, and (v) monthly income. The analysis revealed high levels of mercury in hair samples (median: 7.4 µg/g, range 2.0-22.8; 70% and 28% of the participants had THg levels ≥6.0 and ≥10.0 µg/g, respectively) and pointed to a tendency in which higher levels of methylmercury exposure (Hg ≥ 10.0 µg/g) could be linked to worse mental health indicators. Although the GDS-SF has presented limitations due to the Munduruku sociocultural context, our findings suggest a tendency of worse mental health indicators in participants presenting high levels of MeHg exposure. Despite this limitation, the qualitative approach indicates an evident association between the impacts of goldmining and the Munduruku people's decreasing autonomy to maintain a Good-Living on their own terms, pointing to the importance of carrying out new investigations, especially considering longitudinal studies with qualitative methodologies and ethnographic approaches.

Brazilian Sign Language teaching in undergraduate nursing courses.

OBJECTIVE: to characterize the Brazilian Sign Language teaching in undergraduate nursing courses. METHOD: a cross-sectional study, carried out on the curriculum matrices of 553 higher education nursing courses. Data collection took place through access to the websites of the Ministry of Education and educational institutions. RESULTS: the nursing courses that offered Libras were located predominantly in the Southeast (36%), coming from private institutions (87.2%). Most Libras courses (82%) were offered on a mandatory basis in the second half of the course (46.7%). The semester in which the offer was most frequent was the eighth (15.9%). There was an association (p <0.001) between the offer of course and the variable "public or private category". CONCLUSIONS: there was a predominance of Libras course in private institutions, in the Southeast region, with a 40-hour workload, offered in the second half of the course.

Brazilian Sign Language teaching in undergraduate nursing courses / Enseñanza del Lenguaje Brasileño de Signos en cursos de graduación en enfermería / Ensino da Língua Brasileira de Sinais nos cursos de graduação em enfermagem

ABSTRACT Objective: to characterize the Brazilian Sign Language teaching in undergraduate nursing courses. Method: a cross-sectional study, carried out on the curriculum matrices of 553 higher education nursing courses. Data collection took place through access to the websites of the Ministry of Education and educational institutions. Results: the nursing courses that offered Libras were located predominantly in the Southeast (36%), coming from private institutions (87.2%). Most Libras courses (82%) were offered on a mandatory basis in the second half of the course (46.7%). The semester in which the offer was most frequent was the eighth (15.9%). There was an association (p <0.001) between the offer of course and the variable "public or private category". Conclusions: there was a predominance of Libras course in private institutions, in the Southeast region, with a 40-hour workload, offered in the second half of the course.

RESUMEN Objetivo: caracterizar la enseñanza de la Lengua de Signos Brasileña en cursos de pregrado en enfermería. Método: estudio transversal, realizado en las matrices curriculares de 553 cursos de enfermería de educación superior. La recopilación de datos se realizó mediante el acceso a los sitios web del Ministerio de Educación y las instituciones educativas. Resultados: los cursos de enfermería que ofrecieron la disciplina Libra se ubicaron predominantemente en el Sureste (36%), provenientes de instituciones privadas (87,2%). La mayoría de las asignaturas Libras (82%) se ofertaron, de forma obligatoria, en la segunda mitad del curso (46,7%) y el semestre en el que más se presentó la oferta fue el octavo (15,9%). Hubo asociación (p <0,001) entre la oferta de disciplina y la variable "categoría pública o privada". Conclusiones: predominó la oferta de la disciplina Libra en instituciones privadas de Sureste, con una carga de trabajo de 40 horas, ofrecida en la segunda mitad del curso.

RESUMO Objetivo: caracterizar o ensino da Língua Brasileira de Sinais nos cursos de graduação em enfermagem. Método: estudo transversal, realizado nas matrizes curriculares de 553 cursos superiores de enfermagem. A coleta dos dados ocorreu por meio do acesso aos websites do Ministério da Educação e das instituições de ensino. Resultados: os cursos de enfermagem que ofereciam disciplina de Libras se localizavam, predominantemente, no Sudeste (36%), oriundos de instituições privadas (87,2%). A maioria das disciplinas de Libras (82%) foi ofertada, de forma obrigatória, na segunda metade do curso (46,7%) e o semestre no qual mais ocorreu a oferta foi o oitavo (15,9%). Houve associação (p<0,001) entre a oferta de disciplina e a variável "categoria pública ou privada". Conclusões: houve predomínio de oferta de disciplina de Libras em instituições privadas na Região Sudeste, com carga horária de 40 horas, ofertada na segunda metade do curso.

The contribution of stigma to the transmission and treatment of tuberculosis in a hyperendemic indigenous population in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: The Guarani-Kaiowá are Brazil's second-largest indigenous group. Average annual tuberculosis (TB) incidence rates among the Guarani-Kaiowá are nearly 400/100,000 in Mato Grosso do Sul state, ten times the national average. Although stigma is considered crucial for TB control in indigenous communities, few studies have investigated TB stigma among indigenous populations. This study sought to understand the role of TB-related stigma and perceptions of TB in maintaining hyperendemic TB transmission in the Guarani-Kaiowá communities. METHODS: Various forms of stigma were explored through semi-structured interviews with 19 patients, 11 relatives, and 23 community members. Patients were identified from the registry of the healthcare service. Community members, selected by snowball sampling, were matched by gender and village of residence. Interviews were conducted in Guarani and Portuguese and later translated into English. Framework analysis was performed using NVivo. RESULTS: Traditional beliefs of a weakening of the body allowing the disease to enter were common, but the exact mechanism of transmission was unknown. Strong community/public stigma associated TB with uncleanliness, abuse, and irresponsibility. Anticipated stigma led to significant treatment delays for fear of exclusion and losing employment. While most patients felt supported by their families, nearly all patients related experienced/enacted stigma in the community such as gossip, avoidance, and social exclusion, leading to long-lasting internalized/self-stigma. Secondary stigmatization of relatives was widespread, and blanket latent TB infection (LTBI) treatment of patients' households was a contributing factor in treatment delay. The healthcare service unnecessarily added to stigmatization by enforcing separate utensils and sleeping arrangements for patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that stigma is a driver for treatment delay and continued transmission of TB in the community. The stigmatization of TB was rooted in a poor understanding of TB transmission, partly because of incorrect orientation by the healthcare service. Interventions to reduce TB-associated stigma are urgently needed.

Native and exotic seed dispersal by the stone marten (Martes foina): implications for the regeneration of a relict climactic forest in central Portugal.

The stone marten (Martes foina) is a carnivorous mammal that often consumes fleshy fruits, thus potentially promoting seed dispersion. The present study was developed in Bussaco National Forest, central Portugal, and aimed to assess the potential role of the stone marten in dispersing native and exotic plants in different forest landscape types. Seeds from stone marten scats and fleshy fruits were collected monthly and were thereafter identified and sowed in a nursery, following a randomized experimental setup. Plant emergence was monitored fortnightly. Generalized linear models were used to test for differences in time and success of emergence between seeds from scats and fruits of 3 native species (Rubus ulmifolius, Arbutus unedo and Celtis australis) and 1 exotic plant species with invasive behavior (Prunus laurocerasus). Fruit consumption by the stone martens significantly increased and accelerated the germination of the native R. ulmifolius but had no effect on the other 2 native species or on the invasive species. This suggested that stone martens contribute to gene flow and forest regeneration by dispersing native plant seeds. However, although the germination was not enhanced in the invasive species, the preference of stone martens for these fruits may potentially contribute to the proliferation of P. laurocerasus. Our study represents a contribution to better understanding the fauna and flora interactions, enabling for a more conscious and effective decision-making in forest management.

Judicialização da saúde: acesso ao tratamento de usuários com diabetes mellitus / Judicialización de la salud: acceso al tratamiento de usuarios con diabetes mellitus / Health judicialization: access to treatment for users with diabetes mellitus

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar os elementos processuais e as ações judiciais individuais impetradas por usuários com diabetes mellitus para fornecimento de medicamentos, insumos ou materiais no tratamento da doença. Método: estudo quantitativo exploratório do tipo documental onde foram analisados 636 processos judiciais em uma região do interior paulista, de 2004 a 2013. Resultados: constatou-se que o número de processos é crescente de três em 2004 até 111 em 2012. Em 2013 medidas administrativas foram instituídas com o intuito de reduzir o número de ações. Em 457 (71,9%) processos as ações foram impetradas por meio de prescrição de consultórios médicos particulares. A maioria dos processos judiciais foram solicitações de medicamentos que não constavam nas listas de financiamento gratuito pelo Sistema Único de Saúde. Conclusão: a judicialização à saúde favorece a reflexão sobre os direitos em saúde e o acesso à informação na reestruturação dos serviços de saúde aos usuários com diabetes mellitus.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar los elementos procesales y las acciones judiciales individuales conseguidas por usuarios con diabetes mellitus para el suministro de medicamentos, insumos o materiales para el tratamiento de la enfermedad. Método: estudio cuantitativo y exploratorio de tipo documental en el que se analizaron 636 procesos judiciales en una región del interior paulista entre el 2004 y el 2013. Resultados: se constató que el número de procesos creció de tres en el 2004 hasta 111 en el 2012. En el 2013, las medidas administrativas fueron implantadas con el objetivo de reducir el número de acciones. En 457 procesos (71,9%), las acciones fueron realizadas a través de prescripciones de consultorios médicos particulares. La mayoría de los procesos judiciales fueron solicitaciones de medicamentos que no constaban en las listas de financiamiento gratuito por el Sistema Único de Salud. Conclusión: la judicialización de la salud favorece la reflexión sobre los derechos de salud y el acceso a la información sobre la reestructuración de los servicios de salud para los usuarios con diabetes mellitus.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the procedural elements and individual lawsuits filed by users with diabetes mellitus for the supply of drugs, supplies or materials to treat the disease. Method: an exploratory documentary type quantitative study, where 636 lawsuits were analyzed in a region of São Paulo State, from 2004 to 2013. Results: it was found that the number of cases increased from three in 2004 to 111 in 2012. In 2013 administrative measures were instituted with the aim of reducing the number of cases. In 457 (71.9%) cases the lawsuits were filed through prescription of private medical practices. Most of the lawsuits were requests for medicine that were not included on the free funding lists supplied by the Unified Health System. Conclusion: health judicialization favors reflection on health rights and access to information on the restructuring of health services for users with diabetes mellitus.

Náufragos e sobreviventes – inquietantes estrangeiros / Castaways and survivors – unsettling foreigners

As portas migratórias – local do encontro de quem busca refúgio e de quem recebe o migrante – são lugares concentradores, complexos. Este trabalho aborda questões que surgem no âmbito destas “portas”: violências, o encontro do estrangeiro como estranho, o trato com a alteridade, acolhimento. Diálogo da psicanálise com a literatura e o campo das relações internacionais. (AU)

Migrations gates – venues where the ones who seek refuge and the ones who welcome the migrant – are complex and densified places. This work addresses matters which come up within the sphere of these “gates”: violence, the encounter of the foreigner as the uncanny one, the handling of otherness, sheltering. A joint dialog in between psychoanalysis and literature, hand in hand with foreign affairs. (AU)

Produção e avaliação comparativa de preços de produtos do Laboratório de Manipulação Farmacêutica - Ribeirão Preto - SP: experiência relacionada à Assistência Farmacêutica no SUS / Production and comparative evaluation of products prices of the Pharmaceutical Manipulation Laboratory - Ribeirão Preto - SP: related experience to Pharmaceutical Services in SUS

Resumo Introdução A Assistência Farmacêutica prestada pelo setor público de saúde deve também compreender a produção de medicamentos. Sendo assim, realizou-se estudo relacionado às atividades do Laboratório de Manipulação Farmacêutica da Secretaria da Saúde de Ribeirão Preto, SP. Métodos Foi realizada pesquisa quantitativa com informações das fichas de produção, entre 2006 a 2015, e comparação entre os preços de mercado e aqueles dos produtos com maior demanda produzidos (12/2015). Resultados Os resultados mostraram que foram produzidos 46 tipos de produto (218.340 itens produzidos). A preparação oleosa com ácidos graxos essenciais foi a que apresentou maior produção (56.524 unidades). Pomada de calêndula 10% teve produção de 24.534 unidades e formas farmacêuticas (gel e creme) a base de papaína 2%, 6% e 10% somaram 22.825 unidades. Na avaliação comparativa do número total de itens produzidos em 2006 (8.467) e em 2015 (34.191), observou-se aumento superior a 400%, enquanto os custos de produção de alguns itens puderam ser minimizados, em relação aos preços de mercado, em até 802%. Conclusão Conclui-se que se pode sugerir a inclusão desse tipo de serviço nos proporcionados pela Assistência Farmacêutica, pois apresenta potencial para ser ofertado no SUS.

Abstract Introduction Pharmaceutical Services that are provided in the public health sector should also be associated with the production of medicines. Thus, a study was carried out related to the activities of the Pharmaceutical Manipulation Laboratory from Ribeirão Preto. Methods Quantitative research was conducted based on information from the production cards, between 2006 and 2015. Comparative study of prices of lab products with the highest demand and those available on the market were also performed (12/2015). Results The results showed that 46 types of products have been produced (218,340 items). Oily preparation with essential fatty acids was the product with the highest production (56,524 units). Marigold 10% ointment had 24,534 units produced. Gel and cream based on papain 2%, 6% and 10% total of 22,825 units. In a comparative evaluation of the total number of items produced in 2006 (8,467) and in 2015 (34,191), there was an increase of more than 400%, while the production costs of some items could be minimized, in relation to market prices by up to 802%. Conclusion This type of service could be suggested to be included in the Pharmaceutical Services, since it presents potential to be offered in the SUS.

Diário de inverno: memórias das inscrições no corpo / Winter journal: memories of the inscriptions on the body

Este texto percorre questões relativas à relação corpo e linguagem a partir da produção ficcional de Paul Auster, em Diário de inverno. Nesta direção, se inclui o trabalho do estilo, os efeitos de ressonância situados por Lacan na abordagem do sinthoma, os enlaces que dizem da operatória da criação no encontro real-simbólico-imaginário. (AU)

This text approaches issues regarding the relationship between body and language from Paul Auster’s fictional work in Winter Journal. In order to do so, the work on the style is included, as well as the resonance effects situated by Lacan in the understanding of the sinthome, and the intertwining pertaining to the operatory of creation in the encounter of the real-symbolic-imaginary. (AU)

Morphological changes in the enamel that affects the bonding of brackets: a review

A literature review on the existing information about bonding of orthodontic brackets on altered enamel surfaces, the influence of such surfaces on adhesion, and the most favorable conditions for achieving better bond strength is presented. Studies on bracket adhesion have identified the conditions that lead to morphological changes in enamel as dental fluorosis and dental bleaching. In this review, each of these conditions that alter the enamel surface and pose a major challenge to clinical orthodontists performing bracket bonding, will be analyzed. The literature provides a range of approaches for overcoming the challenges of bonding on altered enamel surfaces and will be discussed, taking into account, where possible, the type of adhesive selected. Adhesion on enamel that is fluorosed depends on the degree of severity and the bond strength on a bleached enamel surface depends largely on the concentration of the bleaching agent.

Comparative effects of retinoic acid or glycolic acid vehiculated in different topical formulations.

Retinoids and hydroxy acids have been widely used due to their effects in the regulation of growth and in the differentiation of epithelial cells. However, besides their similar indication, they have different mechanisms of action and thus they may have different effects on the skin; in addition, since the topical formulation efficiency depends on vehicle characteristics, the ingredients of the formulation could alter their effects. Thus the objective of this study was to compare the effects of retinoic acid (RA) and glycolic acid (GA) treatment on the hairless mouse epidermis thickness and horny layer renewal when added in gel, gel cream, or cream formulations. For this, gel, gel cream, and cream formulations (with or without 6% GA or 0.05% RA) were applied in the dorsum of hairless mice, once a day for seven days. After that, the skin was analyzed by histopathologic, morphometric, and stereologic techniques. It was observed that the effects of RA occurred independently from the vehicle, while GA had better results when added in the gel cream and cream. Retinoic acid was more effective when compared to glycolic acid, mainly in the cell renewal and the exfoliation process because it decreased the horny layer thickness.

Endodontic surgery with simultaneous root canal filling: case report

Introduction: Endodontic surgery is an excellent alternative for solving problems unsolved by conventional treatments and/or root canal retreatment. Objective: This study aims to report a clinical case of an endodontic surgery with simultaneous root canal filling. Case report: The left mandibular lateral incisor (#32) showed constant exudation even after root canal instrumentation and many changes of calcium hydroxide paste as intracanal medication. So, the treatment´s option was the endodontic surgery with simultaneous root canal filling for removing the periapical lesion. After the root canal filling, the curettage and apical plasty were made and the bone cavity was filled with calcium sulfate. Histopathological examination pointed out a periapical cyst. Conclusion: Endodontic surgery with simultaneous root canal filling of the tooth #32 was successful, once the patient did not exhibited any clinical symptoms, the exudate disappeared, and radiographically, it can be observed the formation of bone repair. The time of follow-up was of four months.

Disciplina - Programas do Ministério

Várias aulas com uso de multimidea

Influences of surface and solvent on retention of HEMA/mixture components after evaporation.

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the retention of solvents within experimental HEMA/solvent primers after two conditions for solvent evaporation: from a free surface or from dentine surface. METHODS: Experimental primers were prepared by mixing 35% HEMA with 65% water, methanol, ethanol or acetone (v/v). Aliquots of each primer (50 microl) were placed on glass wells or they were applied to the surface of acid-etched dentine cubes (2mm x 2mm x 2mm) (n=5). For both conditions (i.e. from free surface or dentine cubes), change in primers mass due to solvent evaporation was gravimetrically measured for 10min at 51% RH and 21 degrees C. The rate of solvent evaporation was calculated as a function of loss of primers mass (%) over time. Data were analysed by two-way ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls (p<0.05). RESULTS: There were significant differences between solvent retention (%) and evaporation rate (%/min) depending on the solvent present in the primer and the condition for evaporation (from free surface or dentine cubes) (p<0.05). For both conditions, the greatest amount of retained solvent was observed for HEMA/water primer. The rate of solvent evaporation for HEMA/acetone primer was almost 2- to 10-times higher than for HEMA/water primer depending whether evaporation occurred, respectively, from a free surface or dentine cubes. The rate of solvent evaporation varied with time, being in general highest at the earliest periods. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of solvent evaporation and its retention into HEMA/solvent primers was influenced by the type of the solvent and condition allowed for their evaporation.

Atuação do Ministério Público direcionada ao Programa de Vigilância da Leishmaniose Visceral no contexto das ações de controle do reservatório da espécie canina / Action of the public ministry channeled to the program for surveillance of the visceral leishmaniasis in the context of reservoir control measures of the canine species

A leishmaniose visceral (LV) é uma zoonose de transmissão vetorial, sendo considerado pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), pela sua magnitude, de grande relevância para a saúde pública. Acometem indivíduos de baixa renda, sendo as crianças desnutridas as mais vulneráveis. A letalidade é elevada, podendo causar o óbito em cerca de 90 por cento dos casos não tratados. No Brasil, a situação epidemiológica da leishmaniose visceral é preocupante, tendo em vista sua elevada magnitude, baixa vulnerabilidade e, ampla distribuição geográfica. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o perfil epidemiológico da LV nos municípios Fortaleza/CE (NE); Campo Grande/MS (CO); Belo Horizonte/MG (SE) e Palmas/TO (NO) e os instrumentos judiciais oriundos do Ministério Público (MP) que interferem nas ações de vigilância e controle da LV desenvolvidas pelas SMS, especificamente aquelas que incidem sobre o papel do reservatório doméstico no ciclo de transmissão, no período de 2005 a 2009. Para tal, foi realizado estudo descritivo e retrospectivo de corte longitudinal. Palmas atingiu a maior incidência LV, média/anual 18,1/100 hab. e Campo Grande a segunda maior incidência 16,2/100 hab. Sendo, respectivamente, 9 e 8 vezes maior que a incidência média de LV para o Brasil. Belo Horizonte obteve o maior nº de óbitos registrados (59) e a maior letalidade, aproximadamente, duas vezes maior que a média para o Brasil. Fortaleza notificou o maior número de casos autóctones (acumulado) de LV(940 casos) no período em estudo. Foi possível observar que em todos os municípios incluídos, houve uma tendência ao aumento do número de casos. O MP, através das recomendações e dos processos judiciais contra a gestão do poder executivo, vem interferindo quase exclusivamente nas ações de controle do reservatório doméstico. Concluímos que a situação epidemiológica nos municípios selecionados é preocupante e que a interferência do MP pode ser fator de desequilíbrio na efetivação das ações de controle da LV nestes locais, já que as estratégias direcionadas ao reservatório doméstico são essenciais no momento. Portanto, nesse contexto, é importante que se busque o diálogo, que conduza à reflexão, ao consenso e se concretize em práticas factíveis baseadas em evidências científicas, de modo que contemple, quando houver, a execução das determinações judiciais e recomendações do ministério público, garantam, sobretudo, a finalidade do interesse público moldado nas políticas governamentais da saúde pública.